|
Legio vigesima prima rapax ("Rapacious Twenty-First Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was founded in 31 BC by the emperor Augustus (r. 30 BC - AD 14), probably from men previously enlisted in other legions. The XXI ''Rapax'' was destroyed in 92 by the Sarmatians. The symbol of the legion is thought to have been a capricorn.〔L.J.F. Keppie, ''Legions and Veterans: Roman Army Papers'' 1971-2000, p. 128〕 Augustus probably sent his new XXIst legion to Hispania Tarraconensis to fight the campaign against the Cantabrians. XXI ''Rapax'' was one of the five legions used by Drusus to suppress the rebellion of the Raetians, in 16-15 BC. From 15 BC, the legion was stationed in ''Castra Regina'' (Regensburg), in the new province of Raetia. After the disaster of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, the legion was sent as reinforcements to Germania Inferior, where they shared the base camp of ''Castra Vetera'' (Xanten) with V ''Alaudae''. Both Legio V and Legio XXI were involved in a mutiny in AD 14.〔Tacitus, The Annals 1.45〕 In 43, they were relocated in ''Vindonissa'', in the province of Germania Superior. The legion occupied Vindonissa from 46 to 69 with two auxiliary cohorts, first the III ''Hispanorum'' and VI ''Raetorum'', and later the VII ''Raetorum equitata'' and the XXVI ''voluntariorum civium Romanorum''. Along with the rest of the German border army, the XXI ''Rapax'' supported its commander, Vitellius, in the Year of the Four Emperors (69) and marched to besiege Rome. Vitellius was, however, defeated by Vespasian before the end of the year. In 70, the legion was part of the army sent to deal with the Batavian rebellion and relieve the four legions imprisoned by Civilis. After that they were sent to Germania Superior, where they shared the ''castrum'' (camp) of ''Moguntiacum'' (modern day Mainz) with XIV ''Gemina''. In 89, the legions in Moguntiacum supported their commander, Lucius Antonius Saturninus, in his revolt against emperor Domitian. After the end of this harmless insurrection, the legions were separated and XXI ''Rapax'' sent to Pannonia. The legion was probably destroyed in 92, while fighting on the Lower Danube against ''Sarmatians'', presumably a reference to the Roxolani. ==See also== *List of Roman legions *Roman legion 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Legio XXI Rapax」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|